Sermon Postscript for Mk 3:22-28 — Resources Spiritual Warfare

On Jan 7, 2024, I preached a sermon on Mark 3:22-28, where Jesus asserts that he has “bound the strongman” in order to “plunder his house.” In other words, Jesus is not only able to overcome Satan’s grip on souls, but is actively delivering the elect to salvation. What a joy!

The passage raises many questions about the nature of spiritual warfare and I’d like to suggest a few resources I’ve found helpful.

First, I highly recommend chapter 13, “Growth in Grace,” from Thoughts on Religious Experience, by the late and great Archibald Alexander. Archive.org offers the entire book for free in many formats. The whole volume is excellent, but that chapter in particular is a trove of insight about spiritual growth (and decline).

Second, I commend Precious Remedies Against Satan’s Devices by the puritan preacher Thomas Brooks. Truly worthwhile.

A third, more modern resource is a little-known but useful study called “Satan Cast Out” by Frederick Leahy. It’s one of the only studies in demonology from a Reformed perspective that I’m aware of. The author brings Scripture to bear on many strange and even outlandish reports that were being circulated among missionaries of the Scottish church.

Finally, if you want a very thorough treatment of spiritual warfare, look no further than William Gurnall’s massive treatise, The Christian in Complete Armor, which is a practical study of Ephesians 6.

Sermon Postscript: Should the Bread of Communion be Unleavened?

“Which kind of bread should we use?”

It is sometimes asked whether it is acceptable to use leavened bread. After all, Jesus served Passover bread which was unleavened. Moreover, it is argued, leaven is sometimes a symbol of pride (1 Cor 5:6; Gal 5:9). While people occasionally take a hard stance, the consensus among Reformed theologians and pastors is that it is ultimately indifferent. John Calvin states, “Whether the bread is leavened or unleavened, the wine red or white—it makes no difference. These things are indifferent, and left at the church’s discretion.” Similarly, Herman Bavink writes in his Reformed Dogmatics,

It is immaterial whether the bread is made of wheat, rye or barley and whether the wine is red or white; Whether the bread is leavened or unleavened; and whether the wine is unmixed, or mixed with water. In none of these points has Christ specifically laid down or prescribed anything. The Reformed did not even hesitate to say that in the event bread or wine were definitely lacking, another food and drink, say rice or nutritious food, could be used as sign in the Lord’s Supper. This is not to say, however, that any arbitrary departure from the institution of Christ is permissible.

The primary elements are a plain, staple grain, since this signifies the basis of daily human nourishment, and a drink produced from the vine, since it represents the celebration and satisfaction made possible by Christ’s outpoured blood. I might go further and say that it is more appropriate to use red than white wine, simply to reference blood. Likewise, unleavened bread is preferable insofar as it highlights the humility of Christ and our redemptive history. Nevertheless, these are peccadilloes that should not prevent anyone from communing with a good conscience.

For a more detailed summary of the historical and theological development of this perspective, see the article, “Does Scripture Demand the Use of Unleavened Bread in the Supper,” by John S. Hammett.

My favorite book on the the sacrament of communion is The Mystery of the Lord’s Supper: Sermons by Robert Bruce. Let me know if you’d like to borrow my copy.

How to Read the Bible Well

A member asks,

In your sermon yesterday evening, you mentioned taking a couple hours a month to learn to read the Bible well. Are there any specific resources you would recommend?

I’d recommend a three pronged approach.

Read Good Books about Reading the Great Book

If there's one book I'd recommend, it’s What's in the Bible by R. C. Sproul. A similar volume is Reading the Bible For All It's Worth by Gordon Fee. Both books introduce and summarize key doctrines, events, and approaches related to Scripture.

Watch Videos About the Bible Books

There's a helpful, free video series online called the Bible Project. As far as I know, the creators aren't Reformed, so we might not agree 100% with all they say. But for use by well-grounded adults, I'd say it's an excellent resource for getting the gist of different biblical books. Here's a sample covering the book of Philemon.

Most Importantly: Read Biblical Books Multiple Times

Many people try to read the Bible straight through and come up confused. There is so much ground to cover that by the time you finish—if indeed you ever finish!—you may hardly remember the earlier portions. I suggest picking one biblical book from each of the major genres. Then read them through at least 5-10 times (don’t worry how long it will take). This process surfaces and cements key ideas, as well as familiarizes you with the structures and idioms of that genre. I’ve used this method extensively to great benefit. For instance:

  • OT Narrative — Genesis

  • OT Prophets — Isaiah

  • OT Poetry — Psalms

  • NT Narrative — Matthew

  • NT Epistles — Romans or Ephesians

 Listening to an audio version is a fine way to do this, too. I've listened to Romans probably hundreds of times.

To do this properly, of course, it is crucial that you begin and end your studies asking the Holy Spirit to guide and enlighten you to the truth, guard you from error, and drive you toward the obedience of faith.

I hope some of these are helpful to you!

Preaching Postscript for May 15, 2022

AM Sermon — “Profiting from the Proverbs” (Prov 1:1-6)

I mentioned how the literary structure of Proverbs can be broken down in different ways. One common approach is to divide the book into seven parts:

  1. v.1-6 — “Preamble” i.e., Purpose Statement

  2. 1:7–Chapter 9 — Discourses on the Nature of Wisdom & Folly

  3. Prov 10-22 — First Section of Solomonic Wisdom

  4. Prov 22-24 — Assorted Sayings of the Wise

  5. 25-29 — Second Section of Solomonic Wisdom

  6. Prov 30-31 — Sayings of Agur & Lemuel

  7. Prov 31 — Poem to the Virtuous Woman

For a full introduction to the structures and themes of Proverbs, I suggest:

One or two good commentaries on Proverbs are a must. From beginner-level to more advanced, I recommend:

  • Proverbs: Wisdom that Works by Ray Ortlund, Jr. — lots of application. I ordered a copy for the church which should be here in the next two weeks.

  • Proverbs: a Shorter Commentary by Bruce Waltke — more technical, still good application.

  • Proverbs by Charles Bridges (Banner) — the language is a bit antiquated but its full of treasure!

Finally, in terms of daily devotions, you might enjoy a stand-alone edition of the Book of Proverbs. I use this one regularly:

PM Sermon — David’s Desire for Zion

Here’s a 4-minute video on YouTube portraying the capture of Jerusalem in David’s time.

Sermon Postscripts for Feb 27, 2022

AM Service — “Picture God’s People as an Embassy” (2Cor 5:10-21)

I mentioned the famous ancient Letter to Diognetus (c. 130-180AD). It beautifully describes how Christians live as ambassadors in the world and is easily among my favorite passages from the church fathers. Here is an excerpt:

"Christians are indistinguishable from other men either by nationality, language or customs. They do not inhabit separate cities of their own, or speak a strange dialect, or follow some outlandish way of life. Their teaching is not based upon reveries inspired by the curiosity of men. Unlike some other people, they champion no purely human doctrine. With regard to dress, food and manner of life in general, they follow the customs of whatever city they happen to be living in, whether it is Greek or foreign.

And yet there is something extraordinary about their lives. They live in their own countries as though they were only passing through. They play their full role as citizens, but labor under all the disabilities of aliens. Any country can be their homeland, but for them their homeland, wherever it may be, is a foreign country. Like others, they marry and have children, but they do not expose them. They share their meals, but not their wives.

They live in the flesh, but they are not governed by the desires of the flesh. They pass their days upon earth, but they are citizens of heaven. Obedient to the laws, they yet live on a level that transcends the law. Christians love all men, but all men persecute them. Condemned because they are not understood, they are put to death, but raised to life again. They live in poverty, but enrich many; they are totally destitute, but possess an abundance of everything. They suffer dishonor, but that is their glory. They are defamed, but vindicated. A blessing is their answer to abuse, deference their response to insult. For the good they do they receive the punishment of malefactors, but even then they, rejoice, as though receiving the gift of life. They are attacked by the Jews as aliens, they are persecuted by the Greeks, yet no one can explain the reason for this hatred.

To speak in general terms, we may say that the Christian is to the world what the soul is to the body. As the soul is present in every part of the body, while remaining distinct from it, so Christians are found in all the cities of the world, but cannot be identified with the world. As the visible body contains the invisible soul, so Christians are seen living in the world, but their religious life remains unseen. The body hates the soul and wars against it, not because of any injury the soul has done it, but because of the restriction the soul places on its pleasures. Similarly, the world hates the Christians, not because they have done it any wrong, but because they are opposed to its enjoyments.

Christians love those who hate them just as the soul loves the body and all its members despite the body's hatred. It is by the soul, enclosed within the body, that the body is held together, and similarly, it is by the Christians, detained in the world as in a prison, that the world is held together. The soul, though immortal, has a mortal dwelling place; and Christians also live for a time amidst perishable things, while awaiting the freedom from change and decay that will be theirs in heaven. As the soul benefits from the deprivation of food and drink, so Christians flourish under persecution. Such is the Christian’s lofty and divinely appointed function, from which he is not permitted to excuse himself."

From a letter to Diognetus (Nn. 5-6; Funk, 397-401)

It is worth reading in full.

PM Service — “Parables of Priceless Treasure” (Mt 13:44-46)

Also, in the PM service, I mentioned the conversion of Justin Martyr. The account is treated well in Robert Wilken’s book, The Spirit of Early Christian Thought. But it is also summarized by a fellow Reformed pastor, Herman Hanko, in chapter 2 of his book (free online) Portraits of Faithful Saints.

PM Sermon Postscript on Phil 4:8, "Whatever is True"

Are you seeking quality materials to guide your meditations on “whatever is true”? I found the following books personally beneficial, though not infallible. First, there are two books on truth itself. Specifically, why it’s become so hard (even among Evangelicals) for people to affirm it:

 

The Courage to Be Protestant: Truth-lovers, Marketers, and Emergents in the Postmodern World by David F. Wells

This book summarizes and re-casts the key lessons of Well’s four prior books, based on decades of research and analysis of Scripture, history, and culture. Read Tim Challies review and I think you’ll want to tackle it.

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Reading Level: Moderate

Publisher ‏ : ‎ Eerdmans; 1st Edition, 1st Printing (April 1, 2008)

Language ‏ : ‎ English

Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 272 pages

ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0802840078

ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0802840073

No Place for Truth, Or Whatever Happened to Evangelical Theology by David F. Wallace

This is a somewhat dense book. Yet in my estimation, three decades after it was written, it remains one of the best accounts of how the Western church has largely come to adopt a post-modern mindset, often without even realizing it. Essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand the present moment.

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Reading Level: Demanding

Publisher ‏ : ‎ William B. Eerdmans Publishing; First Edition (December 20, 1994)

Language ‏ : ‎ English

Paperback ‏ : ‎ 330 pages

ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 080280747X

ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0802807472

 

Next, several excellent books which help guide your meditation upon Jesus Christ:

  1. Rejoicing in Christ by Michael Reeves

    This is a solid popular-level book. It’s geared more toward newish or less-advanced students of the faith, but it is devotionally edifying for anyone.

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Reading Level: Average (age 17+)

Publisher ‏ : ‎ IVP Academic; Illustrated edition (February 23, 2015)

Language ‏ : ‎ English

Paperback ‏ : ‎ 137 pages

ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0830840222

ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0830840229

2. Seeing & Savoring Jesus Christ by John Piper

More devotional in form and content. Especially good for teens.

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Reading Level: Easy (age 14+)

Publisher ‏ : ‎ Crossway; Revised edition (June 14, 2004)

Language ‏ : ‎ English

Paperback ‏ : ‎ 128 pages

ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1581347189

ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1581347180

3. The Unsearchable Riches of Christ by Thomas Brooks

This is my favorite of the list. The .pdf is free online or available in a variety of print versions. Having written long ago, Brooks is not always the easiest or shortest, but he richly rewards the diligent reader.

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Reading level: moderate

Publisher ‏ : ‎ Independently published (2017)

Language ‏ : ‎ English

Paperback ‏ : ‎ 299 pages

ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1549617400

ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1549617409


Honorable mention: The Glory of Christ by John Owen (unabridged)

I love it. But modern readers complain he takes too long to make his points and does so with a minimum of imagination. It’s too bad because they are such excellent points! If you’ll do the work, Owen repays in spades. There are free versions online. If seeking print, I recommend an unabridged version.

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Reading level: demanding

Publisher ‏ : ‎ Independently published (2019)

Language ‏ : ‎ English

Paperback ‏ : ‎ 223 pages

ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1082448575

ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1082448577